Hull form optimization

In general, optimization is the process of locating the best solution from a potentially infinite set of solutions. Some aspects of ship design can use optimization to produce more efficient hull shapes. In general, the owner has three options; accept standard design, modify existing design or develop a new design. The two last options involve optimization for specific service conditions. Modifications may focus on the forebody and stern shape design, while optimization for a new design may start from a main dimension study and include the whole vessel hull. Minimizing hull resistance will lead to lower fuel consumption.

While main particulars are generally well optimized across shipyards, there is significant variance in the degree of hull form and propeller optimization. A comprehensive study utilizing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) assessments would typically be required to fully optimize a hull form. Shipyards and design companies tend to optimize around the specified design draft and speed, while giving less attention to the efficiency at the ballast draft, partial load conditions, and a lower speed range. The hull form, particularly concerning bulb and transom areas, should be optimized with the vessel’s expected annual operational profile in mind.